@all First of all lets appreciate that languages are not static but forever evolving.
Hindustani/Rekthi evolved from classical era Prakrit as the lingua franca of northern india and was established as such by the late middle ages (e.g 13 century Amir Khursrau).
This is the same as Persian being the lingua franca of Western and Central asia and Latin being the same to Europe.
During the muslim era and the arab and Perso-Turkic conquests loan words from Arabic and Persian entered this self same Hindustani to evolve into modern day Urdu which was spoken alongside Eastern Persian (Dari) the court and legal language, as the indigenous vernacular by both the Hindu and Muslim elite in Northern India during the late medieval era and was the de facto language of communication for the population of the Northern sub continent.
Also Delhi/UP area being the de facto economic and cultural hub of the sub continent for the past 5 centuries contributed to the language of the region (i.e. urdu/hindustani) being the dominant language in the northern sub continent.
Needless to say the muslim ruling elite being top of the pecking order made sure to bias their speech towards the Perso-Turkic + Arabic of their forbears. Hence the salees 'muslim urdu' of yore which was mimicked by all aspirants to the top of the social order regardless of faith.
Once the British were firmly established as the leading political power in the sub continent (mid1800's) there was a widespread hindu revival led by a right wing conservative contingent within the hindu people of India which sought to 're-sanskritise' hindi and eliminate all 'foreign' influence.
It was at this stage that the language was split into two versions - the 'original' one retaining the 'islamic influence' of the ancien regime and the other being sanksritised to its current durdashan version.
At this same period 'urdu' began to represent the old (muslim)regime and was used as the indian muslims as symbolic of muslim india much as the hindus had begun to use sanskrit as symbolic of hindu india
This is why Jinnah and the Muslim Leauge sought to use Urdu as representative of their faith to unify the muslims of india under the islamic banner realising the need to subdue any ethno-nationalistic urges that the people may have if they (the league) were to achieve their vision of a separate muslim nation state.
If you think about it this was actually quite reactionary/(modern?) of them given the prevalent trend of self determination seeping through the world ala Woodrow Wilson and the reworking of the European state framework post WW1 on an ethno linguistic basis.
ps. sorry for the length of this post
Posted 1 year ago on 26 Sep 2010 14:54
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